pip - Standard Package Manager

pip.conf

# pip.conf
#
# Unix
#   - /etc/pip.conf
#   - ~/.config/pip/pip.conf
# macOS
#   - /Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf
#   - ~/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf
#   - ~/.config/pip/pip.conf

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
; index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
timeout = 15
retries = 5
; no-cache-dir = false
; quiet = 0
; verbose = 2

[install]
trusted-host =
    pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
    mirrors.aliyun.com
timeout = 10
retries = 3
; ignore-installed = true
; no-dependencies = yes
; no-compile = no
; no-warn-script-location = false

[freeze]
timeout = 10
retries = 3

[list]
format = columns

pip Completion

Bash

pip completion --bash >> ~/.bash_profile

Zsh

pip completion --zsh >> ~/.zprofile

fish

pip completion --fish > ~/.config/fish/completions/pip.fish

PowerShell

pip completion --powershell | Out-File -Encoding default -Append $PROFILE

Install Packages

From PyPI (Default)

PyPI: Python Package Index

pip install <pkg-name> ...

or

python -m pip install <pkg-name> ...

From GitHub

pip install git+<https://github.com/pypa/<pkg-name>.git@main>

From .tar.gz

pip install <pkg-name>.tar.gz

From wheel (.whl) Files

pip install <pkg.name>-<version>-py3-none-any.whl

From requirements.txt Files

Use -r/--requirement option:

pip install -r requirements.txt

Install “extra”

pip install <pkg>[<extra-name>]

For example:

pip install requests[security]

Upgrade Pckages

Use option -U/--upgrade:

pip install --upgrade <pkg-name> ...

Requirement Specifier

# <pkg-name><verion-specifier>
pip=22.1.0

pip install -U 'pip>=22.0'

PEP 440 and PEP 508 contain a full specification of the specifiers that Python packaging currently supports.

Version Specifier

The version component of a Requirement Specifier.

0.0.1           # latest version
==0.0.1         # specific version
>=0.0.1         # minimum version
~=0.1           # >=0.1,<0.2，equals to 0.1.x
>=0.0.1,<0.1.0

Choose Download Source (Mirror)

Use option -i/--index-url:

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple <pkg-name> ...

Using a Proxy Server

Use option --proxy:

pip install --proxy http(s)://<ip_or_host>:<port> <pkg-name> ...

Uninstall Packages

pip uninstall <pkg-name>

List Packages

pip list
pip list --outdated

Show Details About Packages

pip show <pkg-name>

Search Packages

pip search <pkg-name>

Common Options

Install pip

python -m ensurepip --upgrade

References